what are the physical properties of niobium?

Niobium is a grayish white metal with the following physical properties:

1. Melting and boiling points: Niobium has a melting point of 2468°C and a boiling point of 4742°C.

2. Density: Niobium has a density of 8.57 g/cm³.

3. Luster and magnetism: Niobium is a lustrous gray metal with paramagnetic properties.

4. Ductility: High-purity niobium metal has high ductility, but the increase of impurities will make it harder.

5. Superconductivity: At low temperatures, niobium exhibits superconducting properties, with a critical temperature of 9.2K, the highest among all single-element superconductors.

These physical properties make niobium widely used in many fields, such as improving strength and wear resistance in the production of steel and alloys, making superconducting alloys, and for the manufacture of acid-resistant and alkali-resistant equipment. In addition, niobium also has important applications in the nuclear industry because of its low capture cross section for thermal neutrons.

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